Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a Deletions from COVID-19-Positive Individuals and Its Impact on Virus Spread in Cell Culture.

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the COVID-19 outbreak, posed a primary concern of public health worldwide. The most common changes in SARS-CoV-2 are single nucleotide substitutions, also reported insertions and deletions. This work investigates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a deletions identified in COVID-19-positive individuals. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes showed three different ORF7a size deletions (190-nt, 339-nt and 365-nt). Deletions were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. The ORF7a∆190 was detected in a group of five relatives with mild symptoms of COVID-19, and the ORF7a∆339 and ORF7a∆365 in a couple of co-workers. These deletions did not affect subgenomic RNAs (sgRNA) production downstream of ORF7a. Still, fragments associated with sgRNA of genes upstream of ORF7a showed a decrease in size when corresponding to samples with deletions. In silico analysis suggests that the deletions impair protein proper function; however, isolated viruses with partial deletion of ORF7a can replicate in culture cells similarly to wild-type viruses at 24 hpi, but with less infectious particles after 48 hpi. These findings on deleted ORF7a accessory protein gene, contribute to understanding SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes such as replication, immune evasion and evolutionary fitness as well insights into the role of SARS-CoV-2_ORF7a in the mechanism of virus-host interactions.

Compêndio de métodos e de boas práticas em coleção de cultura de leveduras do Instituto de Biologia do Exército / Compendium of methods and good practices in yeast culture collection of the Brazilian Army Biology Institute

Objetivo: O Compêndio de Métodos e de Boas Práticas em Coleção de Cultura de Leveduras do Instituto de Biologia do Exército (IBEx) foi elaborado com o propósito de operacionalizar as atividades de pesquisa, garantindo o desempenho seguro e confiável dos seus objetivos regimentais. Métodos: A Coleção de Cultura de Leveduras do IBEx foi criada a partir de cepas isoladas de quadros de candidíase sistêmica, através da utilização de metodologias manuais e automatizadas para autenticação das mesmas, com o propósito de garantir a pesquisa científica e atividades de ensino. Resultados: O Instituto adequou e modernizou seus laboratórios de pesquisa criando o Centro de Estudos em Biodefesa, com Nível de Biossegurança NB-3. Com base na necessidade de organização para atender às demandas da defesa biológica, o IBEx vem aprimorando sua estrutura para dominar e garantir novas tecnologias de identificação e manejo dos microrganismos envolvidos em Bioterrorismo. Conclusão: A compilação de metodologias na forma de um Compêndio proporcionou a operacionalização da Coleção de Cultura do IBEx.

Objective: The Compendium of Methods and Good Practices in Yeast Culture Collection of the Brazilian Army Biology Institute (IBEx) was elaborated with the purpose of operationalizing the research activities, guaranteeing the safe and reliable performance of its regimental objectives. Methods: The IBEx Yeast Culture Collection was created from isolated strains of systemic candidiasis, through the use of manual and automated methodologies to authenticate them, in order to guarantee scientific research and teaching activities. Results: The Institute adapted and modernized its research laboratories by creating the Center for Biodefense Studies, with Biosafety Level NB-3. Based on the need for organization to meet the demands of biological defense, the IBEx has been improving its structure to dominate and guarantee new technologies of identification and management of the microorganisms involved in Bioterrorism. Conclusion: The compilation of methodologies in the form of a Compendium provided the operationalization of the IBEx Culture Collection

Molecular detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV infections in cervical samples with normal and abnormal cytopathological findings.

It has been suggested that Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) co-infection could contribute to development of intraepithelial lesions. In this study, HPV and CT-DNA were investigated in 250 cervicovaginal samples of patients from Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cytological analysis revealed that 70% of samples (175) were negative, 5.2% (13) presented atypical squamous or glandular cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS/AGUS), 12.4% (31) presented low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 10.8% (27) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 1.6% (4) invasive carcinoma. HPV-DNA and HPV/CT co-infection was observed in 40% (100/250) and in 5.2% (13/250) of samples, respectively. Among the positive cytological samples, HPV-DNA was detected in 73.3% and CT-DNA in 9.33% and in 13%, if only the HPV positive samples were considered. The highest co-infection rate (15.4%) was observed among ASCUS/AGUS samples. Although a significant association was found for HPV infection and the precursor lesions of cervical cancer, it was not possible to establish a significant association between these lesions and CT or HPV/CT co-infection.